How the Body Works: The Anterior Pituitary Gland

The anterior pituitary gland, situated at the base of the brain, secretes several hormones which control the activity of other endocrine glands and influence general body growth. Messages from the higher centers of the brain stimulate hypothalamic cells to secrete hormones into the pituitary portal blood system. Some of these hormones stimulate, and others inhibit, secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. Hormones produce numerous effects. For example, TSH stimulates thyroid hormone production, and GH affects bones and muscles. ACTH triggers hormone release from the adrenal cortex. Prolactin stimulates lactation. LH and FSH control hormone release by the testes and ovaries; and in maturity production of spermatozoa and ova in these organs.